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High dairy protein intake linked to prostate cancer
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MedWire News: The risk of prostate cancer may be increased by a high intake of protein or calcium from diary products, large-scale European research findings indicate.
Previous studies have suggested that a high intake of animal protein may increase the incidence of prostate cancer by enhancing the activity of growth hormone, explains Naomi Allen, from the University of Oxford in the UK, and colleagues.
To investigate further, the team examined data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition on the consumption of animal foods, protein, and calcium among 142,251 men from 10 European countries.
Country-specific validated food frequency questionnaires or diet histories were used to measure dietary intake during the year before enrolment, with population-based cancer registries or self-completed questionnaires used to determine the follow-up incidence of cancer.
After an average follow-up period of 8.7 years, 2727 men were diagnosed with prostate cancer, with 1131 localized and 541 advanced-stage disease. The average age at recruitment was 60.3 years for prostate cancer patients, compared with 51.5 years for other participants. Prostate cancer was diagnosed at a median age of 66 years.
As well as being more likely to be older than unaffected participants, prostate cancer cancers were less likely to current smokers or physically active, and were more likely to be married, the team says in the British Journal of Cancer.
Analysis revealed that a high diary protein intake was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, at a hazard ratio of 1.22 for the top versus the bottom quintile of intake. After taking into account measurement error, the team found that an increase in dairy protein consumption of approximately 35 mg/day was associated with a 35% increase in the risk of prostate cancer.
"In conclusion, the results from this large prospective study are consistent with the hypothesis that a high intake of protein or calcium from dairy products may increase prostate cancer risk," the team writes.
Br J Cancer 2008; 98: 1574-1581
http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v98/n9/abs/6604331a.html
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